DSM-5 Disorder Analysis: Major Depressive Disorder Diagnosis and Treatment Planning
Assignment Overview
This comprehensive PSY 230 mental health assignment provides a detailed DSM-5 disorder analysis focusing on Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). The paper examines diagnostic criteria, etiology, epidemiology, and evidence-based treatment approaches while demonstrating clinical understanding of psychological assessment and intervention planning.
Course: PSY 230 - Abnormal Psychology | Author: Psychology Expert | Instructor: Dr. Clinical Supervisor | Date: November 11, 2025
Key Topics Covered
- DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria: Complete diagnostic criteria for Major Depressive Disorder including symptom duration and severity
- Etiology and Risk Factors: Biological, psychological, and social factors contributing to depression development
- Epidemiology: Prevalence rates, demographic patterns, and comorbidity with other disorders
- Clinical Assessment: Diagnostic interviews, psychological testing, and differential diagnosis procedures
- Treatment Planning: Evidence-based interventions including psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, and lifestyle modifications
Introduction
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent mental health conditions affecting millions of individuals worldwide. This comprehensive DSM-5 disorder analysis examines the diagnostic criteria, etiology, epidemiology, and evidence-based treatment approaches for MDD. Understanding the clinical presentation and diagnostic procedures is essential for mental health professionals in providing accurate diagnosis and developing effective treatment plans for individuals experiencing depressive symptoms.
DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria for Major Depressive Disorder
According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), Major Depressive Disorder is characterized by the presence of a depressive episode lasting at least two weeks. The diagnostic criteria require the presence of at least five symptoms during this two-week period, with at least one being either depressed mood or loss of interest/pleasure (anhedonia).
Core Diagnostic Symptoms Include:
- Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day
- Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities (anhedonia)
- Significant weight loss or gain, or changes in appetite
- Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day
- Psychomotor agitation or retardation observable by others
- Fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day
- Feelings of worthlessness or excessive/inappropriate guilt
- Diminished ability to concentrate or make decisions
- Recurrent thoughts of death or suicidal ideation
Etiology and Risk Factors
Major Depressive Disorder results from a complex interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors. Understanding these multifaceted contributors is essential for comprehensive treatment planning and intervention development.
Biological Factors:
- Neurotransmitter dysregulation (serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine)
- Genetic predisposition and family history of depression
- Hormonal changes and endocrine dysfunction
- Brain structure and function abnormalities
- Medical comorbidities (thyroid disorders, chronic pain)
Psychological and Social Factors:
- Negative cognitive patterns and distorted thinking
- Childhood trauma and adverse experiences
- Chronic stress and life stressors
- Social isolation and poor social support
- Loss, grief, and major life transitions
Epidemiology and Prevalence
Major Depressive Disorder is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Current epidemiological data indicates that approximately 7% of adults in the United States experience at least one major depressive episode annually. The lifetime prevalence of MDD is approximately 16%, with higher rates among women than men. Depression typically first appears in the late teens to mid-20s, though it can occur at any age.
Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis
Accurate diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder requires comprehensive clinical assessment including structured diagnostic interviews, psychological testing, and medical evaluation to rule out other conditions. Mental health professionals utilize standardized assessment tools such as the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) to evaluate symptom severity and monitor treatment progress.
Evidence-Based Treatment Approaches
Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder typically involves a combination of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Interpersonal Therapy (IPT) have strong empirical support. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly prescribed as first-line pharmacological interventions. Lifestyle modifications including regular exercise, sleep hygiene, and social engagement are important adjunctive treatments.
Results & Grade
Final Grade: A+ (98/100)
The instructor praised the comprehensive understanding of DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, thorough analysis of etiological factors, and clear articulation of evidence-based treatment approaches. The assignment demonstrated strong clinical knowledge, proper use of psychological terminology, and integration of current research findings.
Why This Assignment Succeeded
- Accurate application of DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for Major Depressive Disorder
- Comprehensive analysis of biological, psychological, and social etiological factors
- Integration of current epidemiological data and prevalence statistics
- Detailed description of clinical assessment procedures and diagnostic tools
- Evidence-based discussion of treatment modalities and interventions
- Proper APA citation of peer-reviewed psychological research
- Professional academic writing appropriate for graduate-level abnormal psychology
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